Caulking is a cost-effective way to save energy, and it’s a do-it-yourself task that most homeowners can tackle.

Any joint or opening can leak air and steal your heating and air conditioning dollars. Places that can benefit from caulking include around door and window frames; between foundations and walls; and where pipes, wires and ducts go through walls.

Water-based caulks are the easiest to use and offer many options. Look for a caulk designed for your application, including making sure it’s for exterior use if you’re caulking outside.

Preparation is key to a good result. Start by removing any loose paint or old caulk and cleaning the area with soap and water. Let the surface dry thoroughly before caulking. Arm yourself with a caulk gun; paper towels or rags; water; and a sponge.

Insert the tube of caulk into the gun and push in the plunger to secure the tube. Use a sharp utility knife to cut off the nozzle tip at up to a 45-degree angle about a quarter inch from the end, leaving an opening about a quarter inch across. It’s better to err on the side of a smaller opening.

Hold the caulk gun at an angle to the joint and slowly and steadily squeeze the trigger while moving the gun. You may want to practice on scrap wood and start on less visible areas until you get the hang of a steady bead. The caulk will continue to flow briefly after you stop squeezing the trigger, so practice until you know when to stop. A caulk gun with an automatic release will stop the flow instantly.

Gently smooth the caulk with a wet finger, and keep wiping your finger off with a damp rag or paper towel. Smoothing the caulk is not just cosmetic; it helps make sure the caulk seals along the edge. You can also use a Popsicle-style stick or plastic spoon.

To make sure of a neat edge, apply painters’ tape on both sides of the joint. Apply and smooth the caulk, then immediately pull up the tape.

Take advantage of warm dry spring days to seal those leaks and start saving on your cooling bills.